The Tablature of Adam Ileborg (1448): An Imperfection of the Notation or the Birth of the Stylus Phantasticus?
Main Article Content
Abstract
One of the earliest sources of the art of the organ – the Tablature of Adam Ileborg from Stendahl – contains unique
examples of musical compositions without a fixed metro-rhythmical structure. The article examines the possibility of
interpreting the preambles and intabulations of the vocal composition “Froweal myn hoffen an dir lyed” as an early
manifestation of stylus phantasticus in compositions for the organ and keyboards.
Basing herself on description of the fantastic style (stylus phantasticus) given by Athanasius Kircher in 1650, and
on Girolamo Frescobaldi’s instructions for performance of toccatas in the collection from 1615, the author traces the
line of development of musical compositions characterized by their improvisational element.
The global changes in organ construction in the 15th century made it possible for organists to perform more and
more virtuosic parts, while the use of the organ not only for cult purposes but for secular ones was conducive for
musicians to express their improvisational aspirations.
While analyzing compositions from the Tablature of Adam Ileborg, the author comes to the conclusion that the
absence of metric fixation presents an intentional reflection of improvisational musical thinking in the aforementioned
compositions. It is particularly the aspiration towards improvisation, the freedom of expression of the musical idea
expressed in the musical compositions of the Tablatures of Adam Ileborg that makes it possible to classify them among
the early examples of the stylus phantasticus.
Keywords: tablature, stylus phantasticus, Adam Ileborg, preamble, organ, intabulation.
Article Details
Copyright
The rights on the results of intellectual activity and equated means of individualization are protected in accordance with Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The authorship, author's name, executor’s name, inviolability of the work and result of execution are protected by the rules of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of the author or executor, regardless of providing legal protection of such results of intellectual activity at the time of their forming.
Copyright laws regulate the civil legal relations for using works of science, literature and art. Such relationships are formed as the result of the author’s writing his or her texts. In this case the author can rightfully claim copyright of the work.
The author has certain rights to reuse the work (see: “Ethical Aspects in Terms of Multifold Publications).
Licenses
All copyrights on the articles belong to their authors. The author transfers the rights on using the article the publisher.
PDF versions of scholarly articles of the journal PMN are published by using the license Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives cc by-nc-nd, allowing loading and distributing works on the assumption of indicating the authorship. The works may not be changed in any way or used for commercial interests.
Criteria for Authorship, Co-authorship
The term “author” refers to all persons (co-authors) who have made a substantial contribution to conducting the research and creation of the manuscript and responsible for its content. The person (author) who has submitted the manuscript to the editorial board shall bear responsibility for the complete list of the group of authors and the changes made to the manuscript in accordance with the results of the peer reviewing and editing.
1. Authorship is based on the following criteria:
1) The author made a substantial contribution to the research activity and development of concept, collected the data, made analysis and interpretation of the data.
2) The author carried out the writing of the text of draft articles and edited it attentively and substantially.
3) The author approved the final version of the article prior to its submission.
4) The author bears responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript.
2. The authors shall guarantee that the submitted manuscript is the original work.
3. Scholarly reviews for some issue or other should be objective, present material in a wide range and at the same time take into account the views of the author of the review.
4. The authorship of scholarly publications is obligated to reflect accurately the contribution of individuals to the research activity, with specific information about the authors.
5. The authors may not mislead the readers by publishing acknowledgements of gratitude to people who were not actually involved in writing the work. Other persons who made contribution to the work, but are nevertheless not the authors, may be listed in the rubric of “Acknowledgements,” with indications of the type and extent of their activities.
6. Authors are obligated to provide a description of their contribution to the publication.
7. The order of authorship must be a joint resolution of co-authors. The authors should be ready to explain the order of their enumeration and listing.
8. The authors shall be entirely responsible for the correct definition of authorship acting in accordance with the rules adopted in their institution.
9. Investigators must ensure that only those persons who meet the criteria for authorship (that made a significant contribution to the work), shall be considered the authors, and the researchers who do not merit authorship will be excluded from the list of authors.
References
2. Laukvik J. Orgelschule zur historischen Aufführungspraxis (Teil 1) [The Organ School in its Historical Performance Practice. Part 1]. Carus, 1989. 324 p.
3. Morbach B. Die Musikwelt der Renaissance [The Musical World of the Renaissance]. Bärenreiter, 2006. 267 p.
4. Quoika R. Von Blockwerk zur Registerorgel. Zur Geschichte der Orgelgotik 1200–1520 [From Boulders to the Organ with Many Registers. History of the Gothic Organ 1200–1520]. Bärenreiter,1966. 88 p.
5. Radulescu M. Organum Antiquum. Früheste Orgelmusic [Organum Antiquum. The Earliest Organ Music]. Doblinger, 1980. 44 p.
6. Radulescu M. Süddeutsche Orgelmusik um 1500, in: Orgel und Orgelspiel im 16. Jahrhundert [South German Organ Music in 1500, in: Organ and Organ Performance in the 16th Century]. Innsbrucker Beiträger zur Musikwissenschaft [Innsbruck Contributors to Musicology]. Neu-Rum, 1978, pp. 54–69.