Perception of Chinese Culture in Domestic Musical Theater from the 1910s – to the 1920s: from Nightingale by I.F. Stravinsky Towards Red Poppy by R.M. Gliere
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Abstract
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries the interests of European and Russian art workers are increasingly directed to the East. China becomes one of the “center of gravity”. The transformation of the China image in a domestic musical theater of the early twentieth century is being investigated in the article. The author uses comparative-historical, cultural-historical, musical-analytical methods for it. Despite the relative knowledge of selected works connected with the chinoiserie style, the problem of China embodiment in Russian music of the first decades of the twentieth century has not been studied yet, by what it is explained the scientific novelty of the article. At the same time, the problem of interaction between East and West cultures in recent years is extremely topical and arouses a keen interest of various fields of science representatives.
The example of musical exoticism and the key work of the Russian musical chinoiserie – the opera by I.F. Stravinsky “Nightingale” at the same time marked the desire to go beyond the romantic perception of the Celestial Empire. The turning role in forming China new image was played by R.M. Gliere ballet “Red Poppy”. On the one hand, the era of romantic exoticism and chinoiserie traditions was over by it, on the other hand, it marked the beginning of the socialist realism era and initiated a new attitude towards China as a comrade-in-arms in the struggle. The intersection of old and new principles in the perception of China by the example of the musical drama “Red Poppy” are discussed in the article. In the music of Chinese ballet scenes, the author highlights three main parts. Two of them (oriental exoticism and romantic lyrics) are associated with tradition, the third one turns out to be the authorʼs musical discovery: based on musical material without national coloring, it creates for the first time an ideological image of awakening China as a comrade of the Soviet Russia.
Keywords: perception of China, image of China, chinoiserie, exoticism, orientalism, Stravinsky, “Nightingale”, Gliere, “Red Poppy”.
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