The Melodicism of Azerbaijani Folk Songs
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Azerbaijani folk songs, presenting one of the basic genres of traditional music, possess an abundant melodic style. These works of art, created back in early historical times, have also exerted considerable influence on the melodic development of other musical genres: the mugam’s dyastgyakh, the zerbi-mugam, the small-form mugams, the tesnifs, the ryangs and Ashug music.
While researching and discerning several types of melodicism in the songs, we have discovered various examples of melodic motion: singing around a central pitch, sequences, anticipations and repetitions. The basis of folk songs is formed by descending melodic motions in which the most significant role is played by the conclusion of the phrase. Upon analysis of folk songs, a type of sequence is revealed which may label as “a sequence within a sequence.” One of the types of melody is a manifold repetition, in which the following types may be encountered: precise, variational, sequenced, sequenced-variational and ornamental.
The melodic style and types of melodies in Azerbaijani folk songs depend directly on the foundations of the national modes. The tonic and the basic stable scale steps of the seven Azerbaijani modes (rast, shur, segyakh, shyushter, bayaty-shiraz and humayun) with the help of singing around the stable pitch find their complete realization. The frequently used type of melodic development – the melodic anticipation, also depends on the intonational particularity of one of the national modes (the segyakh).
Keywords: Azerbaijani folk songs, traditional music, types of melody and sequence in Azerbaijani song.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright
The rights on the results of intellectual activity and equated means of individualization are protected in accordance with Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The authorship, author's name, executor’s name, inviolability of the work and result of execution are protected by the rules of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of the author or executor, regardless of providing legal protection of such results of intellectual activity at the time of their forming.
Copyright laws regulate the civil legal relations for using works of science, literature and art. Such relationships are formed as the result of the author’s writing his or her texts. In this case the author can rightfully claim copyright of the work.
The author has certain rights to reuse the work (see: “Ethical Aspects in Terms of Multifold Publications).
Licenses
All copyrights on the articles belong to their authors. The author transfers the rights on using the article the publisher.
PDF versions of scholarly articles of the journal PMN are published by using the license Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives cc by-nc-nd, allowing loading and distributing works on the assumption of indicating the authorship. The works may not be changed in any way or used for commercial interests.
Criteria for Authorship, Co-authorship
The term “author” refers to all persons (co-authors) who have made a substantial contribution to conducting the research and creation of the manuscript and responsible for its content. The person (author) who has submitted the manuscript to the editorial board shall bear responsibility for the complete list of the group of authors and the changes made to the manuscript in accordance with the results of the peer reviewing and editing.
1. Authorship is based on the following criteria:
1) The author made a substantial contribution to the research activity and development of concept, collected the data, made analysis and interpretation of the data.
2) The author carried out the writing of the text of draft articles and edited it attentively and substantially.
3) The author approved the final version of the article prior to its submission.
4) The author bears responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript.
2. The authors shall guarantee that the submitted manuscript is the original work.
3. Scholarly reviews for some issue or other should be objective, present material in a wide range and at the same time take into account the views of the author of the review.
4. The authorship of scholarly publications is obligated to reflect accurately the contribution of individuals to the research activity, with specific information about the authors.
5. The authors may not mislead the readers by publishing acknowledgements of gratitude to people who were not actually involved in writing the work. Other persons who made contribution to the work, but are nevertheless not the authors, may be listed in the rubric of “Acknowledgements,” with indications of the type and extent of their activities.
6. Authors are obligated to provide a description of their contribution to the publication.
7. The order of authorship must be a joint resolution of co-authors. The authors should be ready to explain the order of their enumeration and listing.
8. The authors shall be entirely responsible for the correct definition of authorship acting in accordance with the rules adopted in their institution.
9. Investigators must ensure that only those persons who meet the criteria for authorship (that made a significant contribution to the work), shall be considered the authors, and the researchers who do not merit authorship will be excluded from the list of authors.