Collective Creativity and Authorship in Opera: The Historical Experience of the Musical Culture of Kazakhstan
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Abstract
The article examines cases of collective creativity and authorship in the history of Kazakh opera (1934–2018) in their connection with the overall processes of development of the art of opera. Collective creativity is demonstrated as an objective characteristic feature in the process of the creation and performance of a musical-theatrical composition. Five factors are determined, all of which impact the manifestation of collective authorship in real or hidden form: the historical, professional, spiritual-moral, biographic and culturological. It is proved that co-authorship, of which traditionally a negative attitude has been formed, has played an important role on various stages of the development of the genre. The significance of collective authorship in opera is stipulated by the specific traits of the art of music as a form of creativity of a collective nature and its existence within the context of a developing culture.
Keywords: Kazakh opera, musical culture of Kazakhstan, collective creativity, collective authorship, production, redaction.
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Criteria for Authorship, Co-authorship
The term “author” refers to all persons (co-authors) who have made a substantial contribution to conducting the research and creation of the manuscript and responsible for its content. The person (author) who has submitted the manuscript to the editorial board shall bear responsibility for the complete list of the group of authors and the changes made to the manuscript in accordance with the results of the peer reviewing and editing.
1. Authorship is based on the following criteria:
1) The author made a substantial contribution to the research activity and development of concept, collected the data, made analysis and interpretation of the data.
2) The author carried out the writing of the text of draft articles and edited it attentively and substantially.
3) The author approved the final version of the article prior to its submission.
4) The author bears responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript.
2. The authors shall guarantee that the submitted manuscript is the original work.
3. Scholarly reviews for some issue or other should be objective, present material in a wide range and at the same time take into account the views of the author of the review.
4. The authorship of scholarly publications is obligated to reflect accurately the contribution of individuals to the research activity, with specific information about the authors.
5. The authors may not mislead the readers by publishing acknowledgements of gratitude to people who were not actually involved in writing the work. Other persons who made contribution to the work, but are nevertheless not the authors, may be listed in the rubric of “Acknowledgements,” with indications of the type and extent of their activities.
6. Authors are obligated to provide a description of their contribution to the publication.
7. The order of authorship must be a joint resolution of co-authors. The authors should be ready to explain the order of their enumeration and listing.
8. The authors shall be entirely responsible for the correct definition of authorship acting in accordance with the rules adopted in their institution.
9. Investigators must ensure that only those persons who meet the criteria for authorship (that made a significant contribution to the work), shall be considered the authors, and the researchers who do not merit authorship will be excluded from the list of authors.
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